Simulation of root development based on the dielectric breakdown model
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چکیده
Knowing the root distribution in soil is essential for estimating water uptake by plant roots. It is difficult, however, to characterize and model undisturbed root systems. Root development in a two-dimensional potential field is simulated with the dielectric breakdown model (DBM), which implies a similarity between electric discharge and root distribution. A weighted potential gradient with an exponent rj was used to create probability distributions of root growth. Each root was generated stepby-step by selecting random numbers from probability distributions. Simulations were performed for point sources and horizontal line sources. In both cases, as n increased, the root system changed from a cluster and dense type to a slender and sparse type and the fractal dimension decreased. For a point source of water, there was a definite pattern of root development toward the source. It is concluded that the DBM effectively describes root development under various water conditions. Simulation du développement racinaire par le modèle de rupture diélectrique Résumé La connaissance de la répartition des racines dans le sol est essentielle pour estimer l'absorption de l'eau par les plantes. Il est cependant difficile de caractériser et de modéliser systèmes racinaires non perturbés. Cette étude est consacrée à la simulation du développement des racines dans un champ de potentiel bidimensionnel en appliquant un modèle de rupture diélectrique (Dielectric Breakdown Model— DBM). L'emploi de ce modèle se justifie par l'analogie entre décharge électrique et répartition des racines. On a utilisé un gradient de potentiel pondér, par un exposant n pour créer des distributions de probabilité de croissance des racines. Les racines simulées ont été produites par itération en générant des nombres aléatoires suivant les distributions de probabilité spécifiées. Deux sources d'eau ont été étudiées: sources ponctuelles et sources linéaires. Dans les deux cas, les systèmes racinaires simulés passent d'une allure groupée et dense à une allure allongée et éparse et leur dimension fractale diminue lorsque la valeur de n augmente. A chaque type de sources correspond un mode précis de développement des racines. On peut conclure que le modèle de rupture diélectrique s'est révélé efficace pour décrire le développement des racines des plantes cultivées dans des régimes hydriques variés, en rendant possible la simulation de différents types de systèmes racinaires.
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تاریخ انتشار 2007